安装

  1. 下载 Raspberry Pi Imager
  2. 烧录镜像
    1. 对于 Pi Zero W，目前烧录成功的镜像是 bullseye 32 bits：2024-03-12-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img.xz，下载地址: Raspberry Pi - Operating system images
  3. 烧录时可以选择配置用户名密码，新的版本已经不再使用默认的 pi/raspberry 作为默认账密
  4. 烧录时可以配置 WiFi，iPhone 热点可用；配置勾选允许 SSH 登录

USB 连接 SSH

  1. 在文件 config.txt 中最后加上一行 dtoverlay=dwc2，表示开启 DesignWare USB 2.0 driver
  2. 在文件 cmdline.txt, 中的 rootwait 后面加上 modules-load=dwc2,g_ether，进入 USB Ethernet adapter 模式

常见问题

  1. 树莓派无法启动：检测 USB 线的问题，可能换成较粗较短的线后启动成功
  2. 配置了 USB 连接 SSH 后仍然无法连接
    1. USB 线只支持供电不支持传输数据，换条 USB 线后解决
    2. 是否连接在树莓派的 data Micro USB 口上
  3. WiFi 无法连接
    1. iPhone 热点在开启一段时间后可能不再发送广播帧，需要手段开关 iPhone 热点后，然后在树莓派上 sudo wpa_cli -i wlan0 reconfigure

WiFi

扫描 WiFi

sudo apt update
sudo apt install wireless-tools

sudo iwlist wlan0 scan

连接 WiFi

  1. 在 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 中加上
network={
    ssid="your_ssid"
    psk="your_password"
}
  1. 重启无线服务
sudo wpa_cli -i wlan0 reconfigure
  1. 检查是否连接成功
ifconfig wlan0
  1. 如有必要，可以手动更新 IP 租约
sudo dhclient -r wlan0
sudo dhclient wlan0

接口图

raspberrypi_3b_plus.jpg

BCM模式：按照下图示中有底色的GPIO编号

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

BOARD模式：按照下图示中内侧的物理针脚编号

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)

raspberrypi_pinout.jpg

raspberrypi_zero_pinout.jpg

wpa_supplicant

linux 中的一个守护进程，它在无线网络连接中充当 WPA/WPA2/WPA3 协议的客户端，负责与无线路由器进行安全认证和密钥协商。

Usage

# scan
sudo wpa_cli scan -i wlan0
sudo wpa_cli scan_results -i wlan0

# 查看已配置网络
sudo wpa_cli list_networks -i wlan0

# 禁用网络
sudo wpa_cli disable_network -i wlan0

# 启用网络
sudo wpa_cli enable_network -i wlan0

# 重新连接
sudo wpa_cli reconnect -i wlan0

# 查看状态
sudo wpa_cli status -i wlan0

外设

微雪

ReSpeaker

Install

git clone https://github.com/HinTak/seeed-voicecard.git
cd seeed-voicecard
sudo ./install.sh
sudo reboot now

LED 指示灯

  1. 安装 spidev: pip install spidev

  2. 将 Github - mic_hat 中的 interfaces/apa102.py 安装到 python 库中

# for user pi
cp apa102.py /home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/

# for user root
cp apa102.py /usr/local/lib/python3.9/dist-packages/
  1. 可以在 python 中使用驱动，代码可以参考 Github - mic_hat 中的 interfaces/pixels.py
from apa102 import APA102

driver = APA102(num_led=3)
driver.set_pixel(led_num=0, red=255, green=0, blue=0, bright_percent=100)
driver.set_pixel(1, 0, 255, 0, bright_percent=10)
driver.set_pixel(2, 0, 0, 255, bright_percent=1)
driver.show()

按钮

驱动安装同上，代码参考 interfaces/button.py

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
BUTTON = 17
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(BUTTON, GPIO.IN)

state = GPIO.input(BUTTON)

或者使用 gpiozero

from gpiozero import LED, Button

button = Button(17)
def button_pressed():
    print("button pressed")

def button_released():
    print("button released")

def button_held():
    print("button held")

button.when_pressed = button_pressed
button.when_released = button_released
button.when_held = button_held

while True:
    time.sleep(0.1)

record & playback

get device index: recording_examples/get_device_index.py do record: recording_examples/record.py playback: recording_examples/play.py

Problem:

  1. PyAudio Input Overflowed -9981 - No solution working

wake word

Audio

ALSA

Raspbian comes pre-installed with ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture), which is the low-level software that makes sound work

PulseAudio

PulseAudio is a software layer that sits on top of ALSA to provide more features, including streaming capabilities

Install

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth

Usage

# start
pulseaudio --start

# stop
pulseaudio --kill

Bluetooth

bluetoothctl

# within bluetoothctl
power on
agent on
scan on

pair XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
trust XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
connect XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

quit

Players

mpg321

Install

sudo apt install mpg321

Usage

mpg321 kiseki.mp3

omxplayer

Raspberry Pi command line OMX player

Note: omxplayer has been deprecated since 2020; resources are directed at improving [vlc](Note: omxplayer has been deprecated since 2020; resources are directed at improving vlc)

Install

Raspberry bullseye (Debian 11) 安装 omxplayer

  1. 修改/boot/config.txt 文件，注释 dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d 这一行

  2. 下载 omxplayer 所需要的依赖库

sudo apt --fix-broken install

git clone https://github.com/hitesh83/pwomxplayer-support.git
cd pwomxplayer-support && sudo chmod +x install.sh && sudo ./install.sh
  1. 下载 omxplayer 的安装包：
wget http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/pool/main/o/omxplayer/omxplayer_20190723+gitf543a0d-1+bullseye_armhf.deb
sudo dpkg --install omxplayer_20190723+gitf543a0d-1+bullseye_armhf.deb

Python SDK Usage

from omxplayer.player import OMXPlayer

player = OMXPlayer(file_name)
time.sleep(duration)
player.quit()